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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
. j+ E5 d. R! ?比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 8 K8 O# w% u4 g1 V
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2007年6月7日 9 f! L6 w/ r3 s* m3 o! V
1 N6 E) M4 m- Z; j$ |5 o8 v: a, {3 j阮一峰 译 % C2 T1 A8 s7 H' R
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( c1 U6 s( p* `% f% wPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members 1 U1 z+ {! t+ H8 B; L
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, 2 s$ p ?% X+ u' b- r
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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1 i8 c/ Y3 o" m4 _4 S尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
0 }5 r. A9 O7 P/ M; A2 ^理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: * D' V( X7 j, t! a7 Q' k$ X
: M' j) R5 |# i XI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
6 ?7 i; m0 ?4 icome back and get my degree."
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6 o1 u; c( S+ B, K- B" [# M9 Y: h有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
/ F# x0 b9 n9 i0 t E学位的!” ! O1 }0 ^& b1 r5 l( {- ^0 w' P
! s* c- h6 n( B2 OI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
9 L6 C) C P0 P& ^$ _( Bar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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; p) t- g" d: d/ y4 e! w我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 8 B& k. V9 f9 u* p U4 m
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 $ t& o4 |7 z2 ~3 M z
. v, _3 a9 T9 v$ k5 KI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
! l, Q5 y1 B' M0 o- l7 M6 [/ Sees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos # j6 [, S/ {4 _5 \ K
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 8 ?7 u6 h! F. w3 J9 t0 J
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. 4 P+ P. h- `5 F: q% S
7 m/ ]7 \; C: I8 a8 ^, l我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
% ]- V2 O& D. @+ ~& Z9 g哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
: \4 C" b# Y [" d' G' K2 M% T7 f所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
8 Z. ]" E- D6 a- L' p; W+ i" z4 |9 U% d$ \2 x
But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
" y+ N$ E) |! v, hof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at + o/ m# u8 }9 C) i! o* b3 c, [
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he 2 x3 p* v- f& b) Y; q
re today. + @4 S( [+ J% c/ A
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 1 ~0 s/ a7 Z( K/ F
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
8 m5 V6 p3 m' o8 A' ?。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
# i4 @* i, a: H' n2 O1 k$ L( s吧。
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
9 Y! s* Z& a1 P6 Z( l3 g4 |. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li D: A. K; C* r4 m: I
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always . d1 S9 x. N0 _ g6 w" e3 t2 s
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ; K& `( }+ P, s; Z9 D! L8 @
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
+ U7 h6 W+ ^& V. O, Y& A! h, Re the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
7 w# [+ ~% g/ a/ j2 w2 B; S1 P; jdating our rejection of all those social people.
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/ F- z0 [; |) J对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
& W% j- s! ?% K& F9 }% [- J7 }" i课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 ' r6 W) X& Z3 i! t7 ~$ q
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
0 {: {3 y1 J& E9 H" ]) F) N我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
- l* K. P& w5 l, z' c的姿态。
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1 q# H. _) X! p9 W% ?Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
N/ Z7 V% R. Y5 c& Z, aof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds ! _# a: m8 J3 H; g( { ^/ L" f
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
~ q' O: m. o. ]% _ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. ( n" O9 c9 B& ~7 k
1 @% A4 z0 e+ _% o4 L6 b) z3 aRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 ' a+ r3 K9 m, _; N i
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 + Z% @$ e- R8 F) F! i0 y0 c# T3 x
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 . u' @) f) ?/ P- P$ e0 t6 {
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
! a5 l: J4 M( S: _! G2 h- Mfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl ; u: o7 W# I* h! s: j
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. 5 H# S7 H, N, k1 r7 X, L1 v) K
( p' k( A+ U. e4 u- I- Y& Q) X我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
$ i# h4 b/ \, ]5 t! W M0 K的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
9 r3 }! k) y; @# ~. \他们出售软件。 & B# E5 B8 w/ o l* \
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
/ ^5 p5 y# a6 B/ {8 s1 rn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic + n* @; G9 A9 x( k3 C
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome $ [/ z) c6 G4 S% M2 K
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
6 K: \7 N: v9 A/ F% p }end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
$ b5 Q1 ~! G1 Q9 Ccrosoft.
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4 ?( P4 N/ c) h6 J: L我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
0 e2 q, x9 `- h4 q+ O' b% u还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
9 {4 r# [4 v2 f( W& [5 J1 [; i来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
5 q3 L4 _3 f, E! g- \生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 x5 c6 ?: T0 L. w. W9 K3 E1 B
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
; v( z7 A1 |5 V6 }) R; ^gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 8 l9 |" }" }4 j9 g
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 8 h) D. q! X1 M4 H; x
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made " @) U2 U! A( z4 C$ Z! d
, and the ideas I worked on.
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% \9 X, o5 X( O1 t# W+ P! e不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
* M, s. T* H( L6 @! ]也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 6 ^( r6 Y. U3 U
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
* m% \$ ]( s7 |8 D1 }里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 - {: P$ ~% }( ?0 `. ?
& ]- I$ B) O1 l3 vBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. ) m4 n& ]7 n" h# i4 r+ O
S- o/ q% }, m; p) n但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 # k9 D& m2 o/ G0 v( V' D7 {
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – ) ^2 j/ O% D5 d- W
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn & }3 Q1 H2 U6 r, h
millions of people to lives of despair. + b) r% x( i/ }5 B+ o# x O1 [) a
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 G' F9 F. M0 r, D6 P- S
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 2 B! B9 d% ^$ }
; z2 K! I5 y+ b5 S5 u# C" @$ p6 Y4 qI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
1 F8 s: `! W3 S \ got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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+ g& T5 [, t5 j5 G# J& M2 ^But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos $ A, X" u+ _" J% v6 G6 |+ q
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
& K+ m4 {$ z3 x" O# ^% _g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
8 M5 z6 p2 s+ Acing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 " N' G( ~* L: m( E
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 + d7 Q |, c% J ]
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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- |' z( l6 h6 `% Y& b: B* wI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
; o1 f! {7 R# P& a. a- qeducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
0 L$ h" x0 u) Z C7 vmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
( ?, |& j5 g5 [% b, v$ d: M/ Qntries.
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1 ^1 m: A4 a& v, e. p* _! V5 s+ g3 C我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
, M/ F! h, \! | w9 s会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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9 ^8 W8 K# `3 s9 PIt took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor ! c. r9 A" o( W! Y \1 o9 W
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope : X8 i) ~9 N! K' D+ Z& @, r
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo ! _+ C6 P+ `* R# p; o" E
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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3 U5 ?* `8 G9 X: C" X( t. a& @1 e在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 2 Q& w& y2 y8 U4 W* t7 J1 G
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 ! w; W& d5 ~0 a+ Q, @
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 8 @6 n3 F {1 R5 j2 v
个问题。 $ K, h9 B$ j1 b% N: G, a! T& z5 \6 F
- w, j( R' H9 T0 O: a) O7 j9 y2 |Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
7 M& {& ~" N: S; \& |. fa few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 9 ?1 J- U% X) H
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li ' W" L, k% E( u
ves. Where would you spend it?
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' z0 x" L5 |% b为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 : ~! h( K! b' R) C* s: P
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
5 `$ L8 k0 i2 l! V4 w+ u0 {你会选择什么地方? 2 I5 i. G' ]0 o6 d, C4 @# B' J* P
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good 2 A' Y4 P7 t" t- a" Q, m
for the greatest number with the resources we have. . A9 w3 ]1 l! ?. K; S
. l* ^: N( n6 a3 I- ]; T7 ?
对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
- A! ~! o) {( V/ P! \的资源发挥出最大的作用。 ! T3 o b4 ~4 X, i
! b" n* Z4 U- p2 S: M3 `
During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
4 u; R5 m1 Z: K9 Y5 m0 `he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
) ]1 S, t3 m1 i! s4 ises that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu % m6 E" `8 G2 s, ~% f) Q0 P' [
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav k# X# x$ d1 V& h3 L( S9 S
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
6 H& `/ P% H8 o1 v3 J, dStates.
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) h. g, w# K) `- g在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 / [7 o7 F4 \3 r( y* r5 x
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 8 z3 c; N+ h0 {& Y
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
}. q+ a+ ^( l亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 7 r" ? i5 b; _6 d3 U0 H$ W
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
3 d. P9 [' |+ x6 ]% Y( diver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
8 m1 I8 G6 w6 G: We interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. 2 u7 k, e6 `- A# b4 q1 G0 P& Y! F! E
9 j. u, t! C6 i' {/ U6 Z
我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
; a4 A+ I8 |; Q( j那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
# B/ _* R0 T( ?元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 8 `/ _; _2 B( n/ s9 @3 g0 ~7 M# r
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
2 e. E. ^* l( l. X! w0 T. y! t' CThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g 4 H$ P4 [$ Y7 ]) ]- x
iving." 5 d1 Y' O0 m( ~) m- W3 ?
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 2 s. n* O$ ~1 e
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 ! \8 E. ?" D+ a6 y4 ~* g
是我们努力的头等大事。” , _0 @, F+ R5 c8 x) o- F
; e8 w/ ?! {3 CSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
4 t6 U3 ^2 `2 Hw could the world let these children die?"
6 P+ T( a- l. A& [/ D/ E: f' N" `! U5 K" M# E- A! A& T/ X; b
所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 + P+ L) R+ Z/ |: k8 S4 x; l
这些孩子死去?” ' k5 w( v$ V5 i v
2 w j. ?" s# Q* G+ e2 L" d
The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of * V" b% x! y$ n8 f
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
4 `0 H- [9 C* Pcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
% \2 P! C: p5 xin the system.
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
, ~- ^0 Z9 ~6 x% f7 S' J: }会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
) A( i( N9 Q+ T) `9 F _有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both. $ t: J) n2 C; l
. u9 ~6 S; d- q7 h, l# o但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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4 S& X& Y5 Y' o% b$ b9 h. xWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
3 s% H( u- y- K0 r }) `eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more # q% e& X- e6 Y, q% m, a% O0 E
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
1 ~: U( C1 Z4 N3 c% fuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
* h. [/ s8 ~2 f: l, Horld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo , R/ U2 _, e3 d9 j* U
ple who pay the taxes. , y- K0 Z) |% ]
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 1 r0 t' w- [( K+ O+ |5 o6 G
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 * ^0 f0 S0 C3 s" [" n0 d
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 & z& B3 i4 F z5 ]1 x: @
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 ! g# c2 o" `; Y v
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
0 X8 B y) @7 ce profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain ) b2 g% }# b% l( y; E* K) n( `
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 3 A8 I! ~% h8 U2 H
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
2 c) s4 m2 N$ Qworld. 4 ^. O& E7 N p( L4 p
# N1 }- M3 q& o8 c5 s+ T2 M0 E如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 # {+ D) D! V- A2 }
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
3 Y0 W7 T# I- x ?7 ~. g: }的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 0 w) O' m- N% |+ F8 ^9 |; P
& }1 i8 e/ z% [. z1 t, O
" a$ z9 r7 n9 b' @/ ?5 _4 m2 \I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is 1 j/ l: s7 F4 }
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b , f3 H. F/ k# Z8 J6 v( Z
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
& Q9 _" L4 N! d8 {( ^: I, Xdisagree.
# D7 r& i. i2 Y# d* D# `
6 u+ m& i# s. R4 F在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
7 O0 c# N8 o- @, k不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这
0 @6 h; Z) Z {5 M i- j个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
: [/ T8 [2 I2 X1 ^+ c5 N, l6 ~- G0 I- ?% |7 V e& r; e/ |+ ?2 e: P- \
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ( `6 Y/ h" U0 p9 a* d) |
& k# {- {8 i6 n$ R1 i- `$ q
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 6 A0 L. e+ l6 A! o" j' \
W1 X4 |+ R' W
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies # I$ ?7 J: o z
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
9 r X, X2 N/ a2 h6 Abut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
) h) B. A$ y5 {3 g& b9 Oave acted.
5 l; n* e; p% N, f4 C
, v3 G _. i0 O此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 3 ?" n# x: C. O' F+ }& W" J/ D
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 3 w) \4 U2 G/ G7 X# w5 {# t
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
' l: d) M. e @2 Q7 j5 N
" d1 {# g' G. A! z, S1 I7 IThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 9 J3 t T# k% o' J! I
# n/ ^6 r6 t; Y' o" b
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
5 ]% {( n' B6 D. r! K; {. V; d
" v' C2 _( M9 o3 ^' z7 [To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
/ N& }" R* ?, O9 l w5 Bthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. 5 r7 ]! u. @: \! `3 k- z) m8 |
" }/ Y0 _( L4 T9 E8 w- w3 {
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
* U& {5 K4 B7 l4 t+ U的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
) ~ Z4 t3 x$ [- X- c' j6 [4 p0 n8 {+ N5 C! t" F5 D
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e ; s* g* H }( ]$ B& o
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
7 k! w. H9 r% |) Officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
2 P4 D) m: O1 ?, N; Kermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. , e. V: F' v, u. `
9 Z. V s/ u! k* y即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 1 B% i* |# H+ B1 H6 c8 W8 w1 W, F
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 , U% E0 Y- g2 P
再次发生类似事故。 6 \5 S+ M! @8 s `5 f0 K7 S1 A% o
- ]! p9 m- `( e6 n% c. J, z, IBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people ( ]9 W9 E. y, c6 Y8 e
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
' H9 N! z. B* r; `* |f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
; c, ]2 t- J! k" N* I/ ]* J& Jthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
/ y7 g; z& A4 C V$ x+ D, @: q
+ b, B* ^0 z& E但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
' C1 n" _+ s( z3 C- h! }之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
* k5 }! Q. J7 f' V3 v。” U, C# l& U! R, y Z
$ S1 ` o. |6 W; n/ U2 r
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
, ^' J, o" N; ~5 g2 Iths.
% [2 G8 Z8 w, |# F2 o
+ N2 Q+ N# y# T: [6 y* m显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
2 C9 q5 c1 K- R7 x# V A6 ]
: Y! w6 T" o7 zWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
: [# w5 T+ ?+ j; s0 Zions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's % _1 ^9 z% v" I, [0 f. i7 q
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult ! Q/ |8 O( X# ~ ?% K) k5 O8 R
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat 5 ?" y& |7 c4 T) V* T
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
3 F6 ~ V: p; Z8 O
$ N- k: t7 U' @7 x& s我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 5 V2 Q' H3 P( T+ J
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
2 Z, Z* F: ~! u% o: X+ [7 M" p, s9 K本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, * y; a( W# e2 W- H& R! L0 ~# Z
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 , m0 c; y7 |/ M$ }, H
, ]# E$ U& b, w
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
- L! u0 v4 Y9 Z& [/ V, Qstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 3 V, S* l. Q$ C( j6 D6 g6 V( H
9 W$ `: {; i K* n( e就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 ; j( r/ V( v8 \
的事件中找到解决办法。
6 R# h5 v" `9 F8 O: E
& ^( u' A' w; ?( t) d- ]: t/ YFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w 8 v2 y5 o3 ]. b- ~% B4 |
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
& ~' |1 o: X2 o8 ?! T/ E) jw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th - U: E# ~; q( \. h9 o' i( B* Y5 T8 Q) |! Q
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o : y2 X4 v, I9 g5 r' e" t( d! ?( S
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 4 B& `1 r- O3 S( i$ D3 ?' x0 z
matter.
5 E8 c( f7 S0 l, C+ Y9 ^
' o" @7 ^2 v, F4 ?: T1 \如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
4 }' t3 V! h3 V( U T答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 * W' U% G/ x$ U+ [( ?" }
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 & E! n' \. N& M/ n& S4 K8 _
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
: M' r$ Q) _7 G" g* g* \; n实际效果。
E+ i( Y! _& i8 @ g: L, U
7 J) i6 S" e* e/ u5 q2 d3 }9 qCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
. _$ A B# _) ?' Pages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
9 ]: }* |* g6 {0 otechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat H( V0 t2 x- B$ p# H" D% s
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
% T$ q$ e1 g! pcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. ; b# _& ^/ p2 f9 \! y$ r
) R8 `/ d# ^9 o从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, 8 ^" z/ m* [: p z3 s
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
2 w& W; Y7 h$ c0 Q* Q是最简单的蚊帐。
' c, N7 m) G: y/ T- {8 v' Y% @
7 g& T8 ]$ D0 Q4 g/ m$ D* tThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the ' s- N- x' { y( z% L1 k g- B
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou ' c1 n, q$ d1 h( @
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government ~: ^) {/ M( T# E/ k
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
* a/ g& @' T) P4 P" U/ y7 qkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what $ G) M, q) W' T3 E& _7 q
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe 6 l7 Y# p1 }- I
ople to avoid risky behavior. 0 [$ B" i* F# d$ T7 A0 x
! D% D5 n2 v$ w) k- G" x
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 + \) f& d" ?. m! d$ x
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
3 ~9 v* ]" M7 @4 I/ {) B% M( N2 r- m金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
! j, h, v5 i3 i. u" y E+ \& W, k时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
" p* O0 T7 H" i* e为。 : \* F3 W; `( ?/ a( ?9 ]# ?
) }/ z7 d$ m/ n4 T" w$ B! u
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The # ~* z$ Y% L5 j! z- Q* V: x
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di " b8 N( T4 {5 n& O/ s
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
, f. |, c- d3 d# I( X/ Vo complexity and quit. # u3 ?2 D9 T. Z9 `
3 ?+ ]9 r7 Y9 q* H$ {& i
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 3 M6 {6 Y, A U* n
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
+ a B6 N' ~" f* |/ D为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 0 b" _" X' v w. @
7 u" `" W T7 U4 b7 }( ^' [/ IThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
; w! X! o, ~0 Zasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
* j7 t+ i7 R$ R: d9 Q5 w1 \hers learn from your efforts. ! m% \ a: e+ O) F; w' I: o
. }, v7 d" ?5 s; r* T' v
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
0 n8 G% y+ D y7 M* s4 O% d失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
) @2 @1 E! m/ A8 O! _- I6 \: B! [! e" g2 o; a7 K( D) B
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a ' y8 L/ R: e h
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a * k6 @# e, P" `) T: ^8 B. D& s
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential 0 s% s+ U' Z% S! {
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
; k# c# {0 A% o7 rusiness and government. ) u" S6 s2 _' V |* D+ Z
" o ~# {8 T+ g" @) i! f1 O
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 8 y7 z% @0 ~5 X( O
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
3 x5 l: L5 d5 T( K& n: g: X' f项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
) m+ ^! B/ d4 v. f. N0 S8 a
2 i W7 V8 B& n5 t3 x5 o. aBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 1 X. s4 [: Q b3 B
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
' g& ~- n: \7 F# Qwhat saving a life means to the families affected. / q9 k# d! x( T' ^; T/ ~
$ w: N, w1 Y9 ]0 x2 E; s) b
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; % y9 Q+ q$ S1 }2 f
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
4 Q/ Y, ^# U8 N的家庭到底意味着什么。
+ X. n: o1 f) D) c5 g
& G4 k5 I5 N0 o: mI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
% _8 Z3 K( w- ?that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
' t- P9 B/ O% ]3 g; p0 Xrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
. M' Y( _% a$ {5 r( l5 Tt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
" y/ [5 I o: J1 a- d/ F a$ Couldn't bear it. 8 m; w' j2 V S, k% n" {
* t) V6 `8 T8 q, s. t
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
$ w8 J) l- K. i$ `, B# ?0 O" ~2 p条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 + L0 b6 Q5 O4 K; M9 w' ]& w+ t
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 ( H$ K" Y! c! ]0 O4 _* D
我无法强迫自己听下去。
6 _9 s9 Y4 M! t8 |$ b7 [. h+ a- ~1 S9 s5 @* _; l8 O
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 2 a, _9 ]' r; k1 q5 U6 G" f
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
/ Y( j1 W; Q5 b! bhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited 4 `3 w6 `* a7 w
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
+ l/ s- G7 `% G9 L8 X5 G5 Q" Qives?
% k8 B. N, ?0 G
. ~. F2 V/ i" A. N, V. c% s那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
% r' }7 c8 L! ?7 J3 o+ R众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
/ J3 H) d, H% {) m* R! M& E6 n让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? * H% A+ `! \, F
. _6 ]. ~0 M$ ]3 G- cYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. + n; `5 ` P X p- J4 T
And how you do that – is a complex question. $ a' o$ J" Y7 ~( H% {7 h( Y7 ]
* g, U2 i$ a: j# f! m
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 4 T/ }* T1 R6 x7 p! p4 K$ Y0 F
点,并不是一件简单的事。
" w) r4 w5 b5 G$ c, C6 U+ ^2 O, d5 `8 m
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
% ^: e- J9 I" V; \ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n ) q& B$ t9 A3 a5 m
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
+ W( ~: p; [+ W: Le can be different from the past. % }- x8 p0 i4 ^0 q9 Z
- K% h4 M8 T- G+ J$ g; I1 s
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 7 m$ y9 f% Q2 N6 T6 l
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
q6 @5 q: D& l的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
1 O5 D9 q h# r5 C% ^, ^) J" r' U1 _4 j* F+ f, P) f6 }
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
' N& L8 {4 A0 Q! a _r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
! w* |# f; z: V6 krty and end death from preventable disease. , O2 j% K! p5 P) x# o' k7 i. v
! }: [+ v5 Q. A# h" L }! J
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 , D" H* \! @7 u! \$ H6 U
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 & Y; |. l8 b( J8 Y4 a# g l6 F
: I2 e/ V; O2 {7 K; @4 j* BSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
0 s0 d0 q& q' { Vn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
7 ?* W/ U5 p! bs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
/ G. O, ]4 u7 _- P+ scts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f * O5 e1 L8 a8 n6 T# h0 w
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
; o. _. D) w2 G2 e0 svirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o * e2 o, o7 `8 n& g8 D& w8 \+ }: f9 H
f the situation." " i3 h% x/ y0 J$ o! K; M
! m7 F$ y2 Z9 |# D' v
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 ( L8 C$ U/ v6 l0 }/ i# C f
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
! K% L5 B! U7 a! b6 {$ V源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 ' V! Q% g/ u7 A, E0 e+ y
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” 3 m; T) s2 n) n8 ^
% ]2 f, u: a. dThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me 2 n* o* `; l, g+ H( @& @
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
3 c% O0 ~+ S' C& R0 W+ Q: _isible, less distant. + Y T0 ^! Q% h8 @. U! R
. h3 u7 s* o. Q3 L' b马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
# d, c" Z5 P- v" x刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
8 w. a* b9 R0 l
! ]4 y- j! |3 n, cThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 8 }- s6 I7 c' s2 [4 [
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 1 U6 Q: o1 J" _4 V* G
8 Z! ?; f% Z( B8 |8 W
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 / o( l Z4 ]4 a) G" G& J( Z6 M
大的机会。 2 w6 h" d) o1 H$ f4 ~, N. ?- e' h- A
1 P/ }6 j. Z9 ?6 h3 }* c" {% x) X+ b
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
. q5 A. ~. d- A: ^' p! @d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b 9 ?, {" W7 ^* |8 p
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc $ i8 B8 I) i& X: {4 |+ C1 i
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
y( E; b" e+ c [% J. X: @% |: q; T( t: F3 t0 o2 a
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
) y6 X. z6 l- [3 d, P9 _& G' [共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
% f$ g6 a2 Z7 K0 K" C! q3 O大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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. Y7 C1 }, Y6 c T- ZAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
: ?) J f# c$ u9 n' E2 [9 }ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di * m; P J7 x. H$ _" h! l
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w 2 x( [, J R% _" w
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t . }" T' v0 h, Y
o the world.
0 D8 W, x" D. x5 a" e6 K2 J9 |7 r3 C% Y8 g+ _! w1 l( S3 H
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 6 M8 m: w4 k Z& F8 B
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 e5 Z2 I- [4 M; F
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
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We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
5 {! h- W. \1 v1 z' t; t6 u7 n Hthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one * |$ _) Q5 g ?2 X' o2 q: f
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f / K g0 M( C+ N( j6 o
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 3 ^, r; p1 N( K M
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre . V. W" y Q6 H0 ?! c
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. 4 X9 e! T4 z0 b$ n k
" ?, m% v3 n' n6 |8 h
" p% z# |0 z! M C7 U
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 1 c* o- ~ h4 U, @
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 ) W6 j. {9 H0 J: b% p! c
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 $ C+ ~0 _4 m- ?7 @# B
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
, N7 q% ~0 W' `& H( b+ b5 Y( {8 J2 ^. T4 _# T1 D2 O& J6 W7 C
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
" x9 i- T9 l- \7 X9 ~s of intellectual talent in the world.
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6 X" O6 y3 y3 x7 k, B2 L5 F哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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What for?
( _' d, e1 e2 I. @* }, W/ n6 @
, u/ ]7 r" m5 [# L& D我们可以做些什么? ( j) E8 T9 m$ X. u: g" ` k8 y
: j. ~0 p) D1 P X, n
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef ( E" Q9 \# ^7 ^& f9 S! X5 t) H
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
. T, |- h5 p; s8 a" Y! K+ g! X5 ?d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to : J/ ~" ?) e" g G" G9 b
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? 3 g2 F8 Y4 h' c2 J
) f$ {' ^+ j" G% R% F9 O: q
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 + q! k6 {6 `/ T. V! q
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
! k1 P p* ?" ?来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? 9 S4 [1 f& ]2 D5 _
1 W6 p: T, e) U7 m5 u+ T: I5 d
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead & z. f% l' ^* U- i& G
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
0 H; J2 {7 B4 W' F" K. Q$ Yand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 1 }$ m, Y( M) [: W" }3 S
" b' E& B; J+ G: d# z
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
. Z3 y: ]0 v. P老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: ! W5 `' M! ^% r2 ]
p* E8 V6 e2 a e
$ ]' n. B, r3 K% y
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? 7 n. u& @6 z) g3 O- L& Q( b+ S& @
, m. |" f7 K2 I# _/ {- o
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 4 `( n1 O% u5 G( b! a( n
" m; r% T8 \/ `
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
9 a0 S* H% Z5 `( e7 b3 T" }( XShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale ) P3 r5 Q3 j% t4 p
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch 4 ?. ^ i4 s. x0 E. b* p7 F
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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1 V' C% x9 \: n哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
# A! F" |* h# b2 E端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
+ r" f2 |. ~# z- a8 J; \* i/ A6 r…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
: l5 F' \; S5 E. i% ~0 w2 G* Y+ ]5 H
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's : z& a+ V) g# A. ?& X8 L) ^
least privileged? + ?/ p2 }1 B) @
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那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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& i1 c& k9 h" f8 b) D) C% ]! |! EThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. % H% z% v; M. a) {/ r
2 R( F4 ^* d: _1 w" e这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
; Z( M3 i; N/ _2 Lped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste 3 q: U2 d2 L n% G
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
/ C) X6 [. K. N7 t+ wwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
& b& |8 U- M. q1 N8 Y1 P# ] I, saw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
1 ~- C. Q* E# E9 }3 d) Dshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
8 U; Y' L4 D i" r
" Z5 i! A2 D& y$ y3 U" q5 f我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 ; i7 `& c0 X# F$ l& D
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
* f8 n; ]9 }: I. B,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
1 p# ?) c$ o8 n v1 W病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: 0 g s- C4 L; z5 V! n' g
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 j4 V# k I- c! q& l3 \" u: c& c
的期望也就越大。” * d) ^" m& W+ S' F+ r7 j. Z
2 ]; e4 N/ Z- `3 | z9 c0 iWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
/ {& r. U) m: D6 e' rent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
# j- \0 _9 a \# e! Ihas a right to expect from us. 2 e: j8 E8 P; z
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想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
. X" W: P8 S) Y" @5 F以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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* ?1 `& S- _' B' K2 z# QIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h ! G) ?# F7 Y1 y2 M" n
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
/ _, W" d u' c5 H6 p+ aecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
+ j8 u$ ~" a0 z+ p0 g8 Rnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
, H/ p; L& S/ w/ s( j# L* ~ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 4 c( W& y- C9 I- w7 y
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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# u& |3 o$ H) p! {9 U" l/ u+ i" s, g0 w% r: w, N3 L4 E
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 % O1 y' p& \6 A/ r( @- k
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
/ P7 Z- O7 m1 |5 e3 {8 q% U专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, ( ^" i: D, x6 E7 u
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
: r; Y; ]8 i; Y找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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1 ?% ~5 V$ C# C9 h, lDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi 1 Z- i2 y2 r {5 z* L
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 4 d: D. d4 ~. I0 I
. y- _# K) }) r$ g1 x+ c不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
( D5 [& ]2 H I% t己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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' s* ?; p6 \4 v" b1 Y: C1 QYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 9 _3 G, T( ]" I' Q
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 9 M7 }- X1 y% L* A
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h 3 n- A- j3 t, I' Q
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
0 R- ~, H7 p/ O2 p" Bhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
" q! O. V. q/ ?' i2 z, C1 D; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
" p/ g; o7 R: U! D, {3 Q- R们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 8 M6 p: y% F2 H; w- j$ H
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
! ~: T B. g3 n5 K1 I% C受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 : }8 L) z7 O9 q$ E
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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Knowing what you know, how could you not?
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? , r5 x6 [# g' ]0 q* g
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on ; x' u+ I4 D" R! _1 W
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
2 L2 L/ q6 N7 d3 q/ Qurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
5 y6 w. x% T1 b; [you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p . w D5 v+ y+ Q$ P4 P, A
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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( w4 k% I* @2 }4 b4 T9 T& ?我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
' m2 [' m; v/ {0 D2 E望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 " Y, U; ^; u+ A' ~* g1 \! s. b& {* I
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 ! ~9 ]# `- r9 Z- |1 X5 W) _" Z
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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